GLOSSARY

Escrow Banking — Key Terms Explained

Plain-English definitions of the terms that matter in governed money movement.

Escrow account

A bank account held by a neutral third party on behalf of two or more transacting parties. Funds are released only when defined conditions — delivery, milestone completion, regulatory approval, or agreed verification — are confirmed. Neither party can access the funds unilaterally during the hold period.

Virtual escrow account

A sub-account created under a single regulated master escrow account. Each virtual account has its own rules, reporting, and beneficiary configuration without requiring a separate bank account to be opened. Virtual accounts enable scale — an OEM can have thousands of dealer virtual accounts under one master escrow — while maintaining individual governance per account.

Hard escrow account

A separately opened, legally independent escrow account at a regulated bank. Each hard escrow has its own account number, legal agreement, and bank relationship. CastlerX can coordinate multiple hard escrow accounts across different banks through a single API and dashboard.

Maker-checker

A dual-authorisation control where one user initiates a payment or action (the maker) and a second authorised user must approve it (the checker) before it executes. CastlerX records the initiator, approver, timestamp, IP address, and decision in an immutable audit trail for every maker-checker event.

Trust and Retention Account (TRA)

A lender-controlled escrow account through which a borrower's revenues are routed before disbursement. The TRA waterfall — repayment of principal and interest first, operating expenses second, surplus to the borrower — is automated and monitored by the lender in real time.

RERA escrow

An escrow account mandated under India's Real Estate Regulatory Authority Act for residential and commercial real estate projects. Developers must deposit 70% of buyer advances into a designated RERA escrow account and withdraw only against certified construction milestones. CastlerX automates milestone-linked releases and provides RERA-compliant audit reporting.

Conditional release

A fund release triggered by a verified event rather than a manual instruction. The condition — delivery confirmation, VIN validation, construction certificate, court order — is defined in the escrow agreement and enforced automatically by CastlerX's rules engine.

Reconciliation

The process of matching inbound bank credits to the correct orders, counterparties, or virtual accounts. CastlerX's Reconciliation Agent performs three-pass matching (exact, fuzzy, and classification) across 7 bank statement formats, achieving a 95%+ auto-match rate.

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